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Suratrana Mansa Khan title , Ilkhan and Khakhan Emir Amir Atabeg Bey Baig Mirza Caliph Datu Maharajah Malik Mir title Padishah Pasha Raja Shah and Shahanshah Vizier Zoltán.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sultans. Archived from the original on Retrieved ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6—10 July Peeters Publishers.

ISBN Archived from the original on 27 January Retrieved 16 January The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works. In Bearman, P. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.

The Islamic World: Past and Present. Oxford University Press. In Esposito, John L. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire — John Murray Press. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire.

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Toggle limited content width. Part of a series on. Emperor : Caliph Shahanshah King of Kings Padishah Banbishn Sultan of Sultans Chakravarti Samrat Maharajadhiraja Khagan. King : Maharaja Malik Sultan Sultana Shah Shahbanu Shirvanshah Khan Khatun Hatun Dey Nizam Nawab Amir al-umara Khagan Bek.

Prince or Duke : Emir Sheikh Raja Rana Ikhshid Beylerbey Pasha Babu Saheb Sardar Rajkumar Sahibzada Chhatrapati Nawab Nawabzada Yuvraj Sardar Thakur Şehzade Mirza Morza Tegin Khedive Nizam Yabghu Ishkhan Shahzada Vali Ahd Prince of the Sa'id Mir Shad Khanum.

Earl or Count : Mankari Dewan Bahadur Sancak bey Rao Bahadur Rai Bahadur Khan Bahadur Atabeg Boila Wāli Sparapet Azat. Viscount : Zamindar Khan Sahib Bey Kadi Baig or Begum Begzada Uç bey. Baron : Lala Agha Hazinedar Rais. It is currently agreed that the caliphate "disappeared" for two-and-a-half centuries, before being revived with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca , signed between the Ottoman Empire and Catherine II of Russia in The treaty was highly symbolic, since it marked the first international recognition of the Ottomans' claim to the caliphate.

Although the treaty made official the Ottoman Empire's loss of the Crimean Khanate , it acknowledged the Ottoman caliph's continuing religious authority over Muslims in Russia. Abdul Hamid II was by far the Ottoman Sultan who made the most use of his caliphal position, and was recognized as Caliph by many Muslim heads of state, even as far away as Sumatra.

No tughra bearing the name of Osman I , the founder of the empire, has ever been discovered, [36] although a coin with the inscription "Osman bin Ertuğrul" has been identified. It started following the defeat and capture of Bayezid I by the Turco- Mongol warlord Tamerlane at the Battle of Ankara , which was fought on 20 July Bayezid's sons fought each other for over a decade, until Mehmed I emerged as the undisputed victor in The sultanate was formally abolished on 1 November Sultan Mehmed VI fled to Malta on 17 November aboard the British warship Malaya.

This event marked the end of the Ottoman Dynasty , not of the Ottoman State nor of the Ottoman Caliphate. On 19 November, the Grand National Assembly TBMM elected Mehmed VI's cousin Abdulmejid II , the then crown prince, as caliph. The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed by the TBMM on 29 October , with Mustafa Kemal as its first President.

It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah.

If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it. Without a proven genealogy, or even without evidence of sufficient care to produce a single genealogy to be presented to all the court chroniclers, there obviously could be no tribe; thus, the tribe was not a factor in early Ottoman history.

The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece — London: John Murray. OCLC Channel 4. Archived from the original on Retrieved Daily Sabah.

Yaşar Yüce-Prof. In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce eds. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. July The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art. In Tucker, Spencer ed.

World War I: Encyclopedia. III: M—R. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi in Turkish. Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. Findley, Carter V.

The Turks in World History. New York: Oxford University Press US. Finkel, Caroline Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books. Glassé, Cyril, ed. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. Glazer, Steven A. In Metz, Helen Chapin ed. A Country Study: Turkey.

Country Studies 5th ed. Washington, D. Jorga, Nicholae Geschishte des Osmanichen. Translated by Nilüfer Epçeli. Istanbul: Yeditepe yayınları. Kafadar, Cemal Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Karateke, Hakan T. Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century". In Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma eds. Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb. London: I. Lindner, Rudi Paul Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Indiana University Press.

Lowry, Heath The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. d'Osman Han, Nadine Sultana The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han. Foreword by Manoutchehr M.

Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Quataert, Donald The Ottoman Empire, — 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Stavrides, Theoharis The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović — Leiden: Brill Publishers.

Strauss, Johann In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif eds. The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg : Orient-Institut Istanbul.

Sugar, Peter F. Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, — 3rd ed. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Toprak, Binnaz Islam and Political Development in Turkey. Toynbee, Arnold J. In Karpat, Kemal H. The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History.

Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East. Uğur, Ali Mavi Emperyalizm [ Blue Imperialism ] in Turkish. Istanbul: Çatı Publishing.

von Hammer, Joseph. Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I. condensed by Abdülkadir Karahan. Istanbul: Milliyet yayınları. Dynasty Family tree detailed Family tree simplified Line of succession.

Osman I Orhan Murad I Bayezid I Interregnum İsa Çelebi , Süleyman Çelebi , Musa Çelebi Mehmed I Mustafa Çelebi Murad II Mehmed II Murad II Mehmed II Bayezid II Cem Sultan Selim I § Suleiman I Selim II Murad III Mehmed III Ahmed I Mustafa I Osman II Mustafa I Murad IV Ibrahim Mehmed IV Suleiman II Ahmed II Mustafa II Ahmed III Mahmud I Osman III Mustafa III Abdul Hamid I Selim III Mustafa IV Mahmud II Abdulmejid I Abdulaziz Murad V Abdul Hamid II Mehmed V Mehmed VI Abdulmejid II §§.

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Toggle limited content width. His Imperial Majesty. Palaces in Istanbul : Eski Saray Topkapı s— Dolmabahçe —; — Yıldız — Rise of the Ottoman Empire — Son of Ertuğrul Bey [20] and an unknown woman. Son of Osman I and Malhun Hatun unclear. Murad I [b]. March — 15 June 27 years, 3 months. Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun.

Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15, Son of Murad I and Gülçiçek Hatun. Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March Ottoman Interregnum [d] 20 July — 5 July Co-sultan of Anatolia After the Battle of Ankara , İsa Çelebi defeated Musa Çelebi and took the western Anatolian territories for approximately two years.

Defeated by Mehmed Çelebi in the Battle of Ulubad in March or May Strangled in September Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire, a short period after the Ottoman defeat at Ankara. Murdered on 17 February Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire [24] on 18 February , just after the death of Süleyman Çelebi.

Killed on 5 July by Mehmed Çelebi 's forces in the battle of Çamurlu Derbent near Samokov in Bulgaria. Acquired the control of Eastern Anatolia as co-Sultan after the Battle of Ankara.